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Objective To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of LCA, which is the active component from Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. Methods Pharmacodynamic evaluations of ear swelling and cotton ball granuloma models were used in animal experiments. In vitro experiment, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of LCA by detecting the secretions of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein. Results In ear swelling experiment, the extent of ear swelling was significantly lower in the LCA treated group than the model group. The inhibition rate was greater in the high LCA concentration group than the positive drug group. In addition, LCA reduced the weight of cotton ball granuloma markedly. At the cell level, LCA significantly inhibited the secretions of NO, TNF-α and reduced the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion LCA has significant anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The further studies are warranted for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Objective:To observe the anti-inflammatory effect of Dendrobii Huoshanense Herba. Method:Totally 60 Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, high, middle and low-dose Dendrobii Huoshanense Herba groups (DHS-H, DHS-M, DHS-L, 4, 2, 1 g·kg-1) and dexamethasone acetate group (DXMS, 0.01 g·kg-1). The rats were intragastrically administered for 14 days. After the last administration for 1 h, a total of 20 μL of xylene was added to both sides of the right ear center of the mice to establish the ear swelling model. All of the mice were decapitated 1 h later, and the ear swelling inhibition rate of each group were calculated. Totally 36 healthy SD rats were divided into normal model, model group, DHS-H,DHS-M,DHS-L groups (2.8, 1.4, 0.7 g·kg-1) and DXMS acetate group. The rats were intragastrically administered for 7 days. One hour after the last intragastric administration, a foot swelling model was established through subcutaneous injection of 10%fresh egg white in the right hind limb toe of each group. The right hind paw circumference of each rat was measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h, and the paw swelling of the rats was calculated. Totally 60 SD rats were implanted subcutaneously with sterile dry cotton balls in the bilateral groin and grouped as above. All of the rats were intragastrically administered for 14 days since the next day. After the last administration, cotton balls were taken out, and the inhibition rate of granuloma was calculated. And the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the serum of each group were detected. Result:Compared with the normal group, the ear swelling rate, the foot swelling degree were significantly increased in the model group(PPPPPα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the model group were higher than those in the normal group (Pα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in Dendrobii Huoshanense Herba group and positive drug group were decreased significantly (PPConclusion:Dendrobii Huoshanense Herba could effectively inhibit acute and chronic inflammatory reactions.
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Objective: To observe the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of mandelic acid. Methods: Fifty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:the blank control group (0. 1 ml/10 g), mandelic acid high (300 mg·kg-1), medium (200 mg ·kg-1 ) and low (140 mg·kg-1 ) dose groups, and the positive control ( aspirin) group, ig, qd. The analgesic effect of mandelic acid was observed by writhing test and hot plate method in mice. The ear swelling model caused by dimethyl benzene in mice was a-dopted to observe the analgesic effect. Results:Mandelic acid in each dose group could make the number of writhing in mice signifi-cantly reduced and pain threshold extended, and when compared with the blank control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01). The writhing times of mice mandelic acid high dose group was fewer than that of the positive control group, and there was no statistically significant between the groups (P>0. 05). In low and medium dose group, the writhing times of mice were more than those of the positive control group, and there was a significant difference between the low dose group and the positive control group( P<0. 05). The pain threshold of the mice in each mandelic acid dose group was higher than that of the positive control group, the pain threshold increased significantly in the high dose group before and after the administration, and the difference was statistically signifi-cant when compared with the positive control group (P<0. 05). The effect of mandelic acid on the ear swelling of mice was not signifi-cant, and when compared with the blank control group, the difference was not significant (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Mandelic acid has significant analgesic effect, while anti-inflammatory effect is not obvious.
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Objective To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of diuretic mixture and its bacteriostasis effect in vitro,and to provide scientific basis for clinical application.Methods Ear swelling test induced by xylene,twisting reaction test induced by acetic acid,capillary permeability increase in abdominal cavity of mice induced by acetic acid,and pain test induced by formalin were used to observe the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of diuretic mixture at high,middle and low doses (crude drug 18.0,9.0,and 4.5 g/kg).Bacteriostatic activities of diuretic mixture were tested by K-B paper disc diffusion method.Results Diuretic mixture alleviated ear edema in mouse model at high dose (P ＜ 0.01).Diuretic mixture at high,middle,and low dose could effectively decrease the twisting reaction (P ＜ 0.01),inhibit capillary permeability (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),and ease the ache degree of mice induced by formalin in the first phase (P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference in the degree of pain intensity of phase Ⅱ.The inhibitory rates of diuretic mixture on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 95.04％ and 37.44％,respectively.Conclusion Diuretic mixture has significant effects on analgesia and anti-inflammation and against S.aureus and E.coli in vitro.
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This study was aimed to observe the effect of gold buckwheat fermented tea on both acute and chronic inflammation in mice. Ear swelling was induced by xylene. Toe swelling was induced by carrageenan. The acute inflammation model was induced by the increasing of capillary permeability in the abdomen of mice by acetic acid. The chronic inflammation model of granuloma was used in the evaluation of anti-inflammatory function of gold buckwheat fermented tea. The results showed that the gold buckwheat fermented tea can obviously decrease the rate of xylene-induced ear swelling and the degree of carrageenan-induced toe swelling in mice. And the gold buckwheat fermented tea had antagonism effect on acute inflammation caused by acetic acid through the increasing of capillary permeability in abdomen of mice. Furthermore, the gold buckwheat fermented tea had obvious inhibition effects on proliferation of granuloma in chronic inflammation. It was concluded that the gold buckwheat fermented tea had the prevention and treatment effect on both acute and chronic inflammation.
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Objective: To investigate the preliminary pharmacological screening of Cassia nomame. Methods: The effect of aqueous extract from C. nomame on gastrointestinal motor function was investigated by assessing the intestinal transit rate (ITR) of charcoal modeled into gastrointestinal motility dysfunction (GMD) by the administration of dopamine, atropine, or noradrenaline to the rats, respectively. Diuresis was studied in vivo by estimating the urine output. The anti-inflammatory activity was expressed as the percentage of swelling reduction by comparison on the mean thickness of ear swelling in mice. Results: The ITR in these GMD animals was significantly retarded compared to that in normal animals. The retardation, however, was significantly inhibited by the ig administration of C. nomame (2 g/kg) for all GMD animals. The results suggested that C. nomame had the potential for development into a prokinetic agent that could prevent or alleviate GMD in patients. C. nomame increased urine output and suppressed significantly ear swelling induced by dirnethyl benzene in mice. Conclusion: C. nomame could increase the gastrointestinal contractile activity of rats and has the effects of diuresis and anti-inflammation. © 2013 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.
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Red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of aquaculture’s most adaptive species. It is abundantly found in the wild and known to be cultured in several parts of the world. It is mainly a freshwater fish, inhabiting shallow streams, ponds, rivers and lakes but less commonly found living in brackish water. The concept of ‘waste to wealth’ has been applied widely as an alternative to waste reduction and environmental conservation. Based on these perspectives, the present study was conducted to assess possible medicinal and pharmaceutical values of the tilapia. The mice model of delayed-contact hypersensitivity test, the mice ear swelling test (MEST), was chosen for this study due to its ability to predict contact sensitization with less cost and time consumed. Four female BALB/c mice were tested in each group which included controls. Three different doses of scales powder at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg in an acetone and olive oil (AOO) solution were formulated and applied to shaved dorsal trunk of the mice at induction phase, and to both sides of each ear of the mice at elicitation phase. From the observations made throughout the study period, neither erythema nor oedema was formed on the skin of mice treated with scales powder in AOO solution. Mice ear thickness increase showed percentage ear swelling of no more than 20%. Thus, the finding of this study showed that the scales of red tilapia fish did not induce allergic sensitization and could have an application in medicinal and pharmaceutical industries.
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Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is widely used industrially to make epoxy and alkyd resins, plasticizers and surfactants. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether contact dermatitis is induced by repeated TMA challenge and the role of interleukin (IL)-10 in the TMA-induced contact dermatitis. The repetition of the challenge enlarged the extent of an early and a late phase of contact dermatitis in IL-10(+/+) and IL-10(-/-) mice. In the late phase of TMA-induced contact dermatitis, the peak of ear swelling responses by single challenge showed at 12 h after challenge, but the peak was observed at 8 h after repeated challenge. In the IL-10(-/-) mice, the repetition of the TMA challenges enlarged the extent of the contact dermatitis, but less than those in IL-10(+/+) mice. These results indicate that mice sensitized by TMA could possibly offer a useful model to study the mechanism of contact dermatitis, and IL-10 may act as potential modulators in the TMA-induced contact dermatitis. IL-10 may provide therapeutic tools for the treatment of TMA-induced contact dermatitis.
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Animals , Mice , Dermatitis, Contact , Ear , Interleukin-10 , Interleukins , Phthalic Anhydrides , Plasticizers , PlasticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacological action of Shaducao oral succus in mice.METHODS:Pole-climbing test,charcoal clearance test,ear-swelling test,ink-propelling test were conducted respectively to observe the antifatigue action of Shaducao oral succus,and its effect on nonspecific immunity,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrhea effects on mice. RESULTS: Shaducao oral succus markedly prolonged the duration of mice in climbing pole,and it also showed remarkable antifatigue effect. High dose of Shaducao oral succus significantly enhanced mice's charcoal clearance coefficient and clearance capacity index and enhanced mice's immune function.At high,middle and low doses,Shaducao oral succus markedly ameliorated dimethyl benzene-induced otitis,significantly lowered the ink-propelling speed,and satisfactorily relieved diarrhea. CONCLUSION: Shaducao oral succus was proved to be of certain antifatigue,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrhea effects meanwhile it could enhance the nonspecific immunity of mice.
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This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of 5% PABA cream using mouse ear swelling reaction(ESR). Mice were exposed to 100mJ/cm of UVB, five times a week for four weeks, on the both ventral aspect of the ear, with application of 5% PABA cream on the right ear. The results were as follows : 1. The intensity of ear swelling reaction of 5% PABA protected group was reduced greater than unproteeted group after the first 3 days of UUR. 2. The intensity of ear swelling reached at peak after 1 week of the ultraviolet radiation. Thereafter it has decreased gradually the following 4 weeks. The difference of ear swelling between the two groups was the greatest after 1 week, and the sunscreening efficacy of 5% PABA cream has remained persisted for 4 weeks. 3. The number of mice which have shown severe inflarnmatory response after ultravioiet radiation was more in unprotected group than that in 5% PABA protected group. 4. Determination of mouse ESR is considered a good method for the evaluation of longterm efficacy of sunscreen preparation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , 4-Aminobenzoic Acid , EarABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to investigate the change of ear swelling response (ESR) of the mice according to repetitive ultraviolet radiation. 100mJ/crn of UVB was irradiated daily for 4 weeks, and a total of 25 C57BL mice were used as subjects. The results were as follows : 1. After 1 day, 2 days and 3 days irradiation of UVB, ESR reached 21.3+/-1.5, 22.3+/-1.1 and 24.3+/-1.6 respectively with increasing tendency, but there was no statistical significance (Wilcoxon rank sum test p>0.05). 2. ESR reached at maximum, 78.0+/-1.8, after 1 week(p<0.01), thereafter ESR decreased gradually with reparative process. 3. Inspite of continued irradiation, ESR decreased gradually after 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks irradiation, ESR decreased to 51.6+/-11.8, 45.1+/- 3.3 and 42.8+/-6.8 respectively, but, there were still increment of ESR (p<0.01).
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Animals , Mice , Ear , Mice, Inbred C57BL , SkinABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to investigate the quantitative change of sunburn cell(FiBC)production and ear swelling reaction(ESR)aecording to the UVA radiation dose and time course sfter PUVA treatment. A total of 75 ICR male albino haired mice were used as subjects. The results were as follows : 1. At 24 hours after PUVA treatment, the mean SBC numbers per cm length of epidermis were 29.1+13.6 with 1J/cm, 48.8+19.5 with 5J/cm, and 51.6+14. 8 with 10J/cm of UVA irradiation. SBC production was dose related with respect to radiation dose, but the increment was not so remarkable with more than 5J /cm of UVA irradiation. 2. [n PUVA treatment using 5J/cm of UVA, the mean SBC numbers per cm length of epiderrnis were 48.8+19.5 after 24 hours, 63.8+18.3 after 48 hours. SBC numbers rose to a maximum at 48 hours, but epidermal damage precludecl SBC counting after this. 3. At, 24 hours after PUVA treatment, no significant ESR was observed with 1 an3 5J/cm of UVA. In PUVA treatment using lOJ/cm of UVA, the mean ear thickness was 20.6+1.7( x 10mm) before treatment and 30.1+3.3( x 10mm') at 2h: hours after treatment, which showed significa.nt change(p<0.05). 4. In PUVA treatment using 5J(cm of UVA, ESR showed significant change at 43hours reaching a maximum at 72 hours. After 7 days, ESR was not measurable due to ear necrosis.